新生兒黃疸的原因

發(fā)布時間：[2024-07-10] 閱讀：[415]次作者：萊西暖心家政公司

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當胎兒在母體中通過胎盤獲取血氧時，脫離胎盤后開始自主呼吸，體內(nèi)血氧水平升高，不再需要過多紅細胞，導致膽紅素產(chǎn)生并可能過剩。新生兒膽紅素無法通過未成熟的酶系統(tǒng)排出，隨血液流動至全身，使皮膚和鞏膜黃染，形成黃疸。
1、膽紅素生成多
（1）紅細胞破壞：胎兒時期紅細胞代償性增多，出生后血氧升高，紅細胞迅速破壞。
（2）血紅素加氧酶含量高：生后7天內(nèi)含量高，產(chǎn)膽紅素多。
2、肝功能不成熟
（1）肝攝取膽紅素能力差。
（2）肝結(jié)合膽紅素功能差。
（3）肝排泄膽紅素功能差。
3、腸-肝循環(huán)特點
新生兒腸道菌群未建立，無法轉(zhuǎn)化膽紅素。加之新生兒攝取、結(jié)合、排泄膽紅素能力不及成人，易出現(xiàn)黃疸。特殊情況如缺氧、胎糞排出延遲等會加重黃疸。
新生兒黃疸癥狀
新生兒黃疸主要癥狀為皮膚淺黃，常見于面頸、軀干，鞏膜也可能黃染。黃疸嚴重時，皮膚由頭足逐漸波及全身，嘔吐物和腦脊液等亦變黃，持續(xù)時間一周以上甚至長達一個月。早產(chǎn)兒黃疸更常見且癥狀較重，消退時間也較長。
新生兒黃疸護理
黃疸護理要點：
1.判斷黃疸程度，觀察皮膚黃染程度。
2.觀察大便顏色，異常及時就醫(yī)。
3.促進胎便盡早排出，減少膽紅素重吸收。
4.保證新生兒水分充足，利于膽紅素排泄。
5.提供足夠糖水和熱量，保護肝臟。
6.出現(xiàn)病理性黃疸癥狀時及時就醫(yī)。

報名：新生兒黃疸的原因

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